{"id":759,"date":"2012-12-19T20:43:07","date_gmt":"2012-12-19T13:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=759"},"modified":"2025-08-18T22:39:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T15:39:42","slug":"truong-phai-tu-duc-phap-lich-su-con-nguoi-linh-dao-va-su-pham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/truong-phai-tu-duc-phap-lich-su-con-nguoi-linh-dao-va-su-pham\/","title":{"rendered":"TR\u01af\u1edcNG PH\u00c1I LINH \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u00c1P: L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec, CON NG\u01af\u1edcI, LINH \u0110\u1ea0O V\u00c0 S\u01af PH\u1ea0M"},"content":{"rendered":"

A. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung[1]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u00ab Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/em> \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Henri Bremond d\u00f9ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1920, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00ab Histoire litt\u00e9raire du sentiment religieux<\/em> \u00bb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII : H\u1ed3ng y Pierre de B\u00e9rulle, cha J.J. Olier, th\u00e1nh Vincent de Paul, cha Condren, th\u00e1nh Jean Eudes, th\u00e1nh Grignion de Monfort, Gaston de Rondy. Th\u00e1nh Jean Baptiste de la Salle v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n \u00bb : Pierre de B\u00e9rulle, Charles de Condren, Jean Jacques Olier v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Jean Eudes.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7t H\u1ed3ng y Pierre de B\u00e9rulles, v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/em> (Oratoire de J\u00e9sus) l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ti\u00ean phong cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00ea b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e9rulle<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n th\u00f4n qu\u00ea, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1eabn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, n\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung sau ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 Nantes v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1598, m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p xung quanh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 vua. Nh\u01b0 quen v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quan ng\u1ea1i s\u00e2u xa tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p : vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ; m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00f3i chung, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n n\u01a1i h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00ab commendes \u00bb (quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c) trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edbi q\u00fay t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 hai nguy c\u01a1 : t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan (m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi hai nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5<\/em> \u00bb. Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (c\u00e1c \u00e2n x\u00e1\u2026), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u xa li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng : V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea7u b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111en g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi, th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 \u00ab l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ? \u00bb<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Tu \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea3y sinh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 canh t\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p xung quanh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Acarie, ch\u1ecb em h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0110HY B\u00e9rulle. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Barbe Avrillot<\/em>[2]<\/span>, sinh n\u0103m 1556, \u1edf Paris trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3. B\u00e0 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Pierre Acarie v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00f3a b\u1ee5a, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh v\u1edbi t\u00ean d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 Maria Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111i k\u00e8m theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Xung quanh b\u00e0 (Salon de M. Acarie) t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau : c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 (Beno\u00eft de Canfeld, Pierre Coton, Etienne Binet, Andr\u00e9 Duval\u2026), c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00ea (khi ng\u00e0i gh\u00e9 sang Paris). B\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00e1t Minh kh\u00e1c. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111i tu trong \u0111an vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh t\u1ea1i Pontoise m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau b\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Cha R. Deville nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 \u00ab \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p \u00bb. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 5\/6\/1791.<\/p>\n

4. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em> m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed B\u00e9rulle, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean 23 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111i T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p ? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111an vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai : v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u01b0u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o Tin l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e1i Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a cho d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch v\u00e0 Lazaristes. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00ab Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u00bb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p n\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00ab kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c \u00bb tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00edn t\u1edbi (ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle).<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Vincent de Paul (Vinh S\u01a1n) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trang r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xo\u00e0ng x\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. R\u1ed3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00ab b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c \u00bb ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111an vi\u1ec7n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa hay vua. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t \u00edt l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c (theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd), \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u01afu t\u01b0 s\u00e2u xa trong s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng linh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

5. Ai \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00ec qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn cha B\u00e9rulle, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, trong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu C\u00e1t Minh. B\u00e9rulle ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng do d\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Paris, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m h\u1ed3ng y. Khi ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 36 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i : theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u00e0o ? L\u00fac b\u00e2y gi\u1edd : ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tu s\u0129. Th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 cho B\u00e9rulle bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh Philippe N\u00eari \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 d\u01b0\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng. Th\u00e1nh Philippe N\u00eari \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p quanh ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 hai khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho B\u00e9rulle. H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c do th\u00e1nh Car\u00f4l\u00f4 Borr\u00f4m\u00eao th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng Oblats<\/em> trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e9rulle t\u1eeb t\u1eeb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng : c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh k\u00e9p n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1628.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Jean Eudes<\/em><\/p>\n

Jean Eudes nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y 19\/03\/1625. Ch\u00ednh B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Jean Eudes \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong H\u1ed9i trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i r\u1eddi H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

B\u00e9rulle c\u0169ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Vinh S\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y cha Charles de Condren, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb B\u00e9rulle, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi linh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho cha Olier.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft ch\u0103m lo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00ec c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng T\u00ean chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1613, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1i th\u00eam v\u00e0o : bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec D\u00f2ng T\u00ean v\u1eeba b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Jean Eudes tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Cha Olier tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u0103m lo c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint Sulpice \u1edf Paris. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Vinh S\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i lo \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Th\u00e1nh Lazar\u00f4 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng linh \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129.<\/em> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang. V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m hay, \u00edt ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e0o n\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu C\u00e1t Minh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng Jean Baptiste de la Salle s\u1ebd th\u00edch nghi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c S\u01b0 Huynh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kit\u00f4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng Gaston de Rondy, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

6. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. B\u00e9rulle cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng linh m\u1ee5c kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t linh m\u1ee5c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea3y sinh xung quanh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Tu \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. M\u1ed7i H\u1ed9i, d\u00f9 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u1ee9 hai ho\u1eb7c ba n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft, Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, Eudistes v\u00e0 Lazaristes s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u0129nh t\u00e2m chung. M\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t nhau, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo \u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. B\u00e9rulle, Olier, Jean Eudes, Vincent de Paul, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ai v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, B\u00e9rulle vi\u1ebft : \u00ab \u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec con bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con bi\u1ebft con, con gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa\u2026con quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa\u2026Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 con\u2026h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t dung t\u00edch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 (Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n\u2026) c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B. Linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p[3]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Kit\u00f4 trung t\u00e2m trong linh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

1. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Maurice Clavel l\u00e0 do cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi B\u00e9rulle v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ea5ng Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i \u0111ang c\u00f2n ng\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c do vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Paul Cochois. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh: \u00abTr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>[4]<\/span>\u00bb. Danh t\u1eeb \u00ab nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm \u00bb (regard) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00ab nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm \u00bb (regarder) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh n\u01a1i B\u00e9rulle. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng : nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i<\/em> \u00bb (P. Cochois). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. B\u00e9rulle h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y m\u00e0 Elisabeth Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra : \u00ab m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u00e2y ng\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd l\u1ea1y y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00ab kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa [5]<\/span>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00ean \u0111i s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u00e9rulle, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1eadn t\u00f4i t\u1edb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111i, ph\u1ea3i tan \u0111i, h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh ra kh\u00f4ng (s\u2019an\u00e9antir) v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00abdung t\u00edch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb (pure capacit\u00e9 de Dieu) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y. Condren v\u00e0 Olier s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hy t\u1ebf \u00ab \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i \u00bb theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i B\u00e9rulle, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f4n th\u1edd hay hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u00ab b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00bb (par \u00e9tat), s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong t\u1eadn s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a\u2026 S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u00ab v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang ta, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u00e2ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean chung ta \u0111\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eebng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eebng b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/em> [6]<\/span>\u00bb. Condren, Olier v\u00e0 Jean Eudes, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 : trong Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 trong Kinh Ph\u1ee5ng V\u1ee5, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u00e2ng v\u1ec1 cho Ch\u00faa Cha danh d\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean cho Ng\u00e0i hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n con th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00fang ta<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 trung t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eafng nghe Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B\u00e9rulle v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a, h\u1ecd th\u1edd l\u1ea1y \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00f4i T\u1edb\u201d tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. B\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u00f9y l\u00fac hay nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng trung gian th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa Cha.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu; nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m mang \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng. L\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3, s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 Th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf b\u00ean l\u1ec1 hay th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu; ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u201cn\u01a1i hai b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>[7]<\/span>\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, B\u00e9rulle mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111ang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi[8]<\/span>\u201d. Cha Olier s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu\u201d (l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de J\u00e9sus) hay v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. F. Bourgoing s\u1ebd kh\u01a1i l\u00ean \u201cba c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: \u201ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh Ng\u00e0i, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>[9]<\/span>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, th\u00e0nh \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng\u201d. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4i\u201d (Gal 2, 20) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin Maranatha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00fang ta\u201d nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. N\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, cha Olier vi\u1ebft: \u201c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n ban cho con \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u201d (H\u1ed3i K\u00fd<\/em>, II, 268).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e9rulle, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y theo \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4: \u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4i\u201d\u2026 \u201cAnh em h\u00e3y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u201d (Phil 2, 3); \u201c\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00ec Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n anh em nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d (Eph 3, 17). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ee9c, theo ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, \u201cs\u1ef1 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t\u201d, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u00e1nh Jean Eudes vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u2026<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf\u201d tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n thinh l\u1eb7ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i tay: th\u1edd l\u1ea1y, k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c\u2026T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

3. Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh\u201d (Olier). \u201c Bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d (Olier), \u201chi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ed quy\u1ebft, l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng\u201d (Jean Eudes).<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n La<\/em> Vie de J\u00e9sus<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, B\u00e9rulle t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong ch\u00fang ta: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u00e9o ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed9i, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i<\/em>[10]<\/span>\u201d. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em> [11]<\/span>\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e9rule d\u00e0nh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eafn v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha Condren, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, l\u1ec5 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5\u2026 Cha Olier y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecda s\u0129 Le Brun v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria.<\/p>\n

4. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Cha Mersch[12]<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 vi\u1ebft l\u00fac b\u1ecb giam t\u00f9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m mang \u01a1n h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau trang c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa quan ni\u1ec7m duy ngo\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft, qu\u00e1 chuy\u00ean ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao \u201cgi\u00e1o s\u0129\u201d d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, th\u1ea7n b\u00ed s\u00e2u xa, c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Hi\u1ec1n Th\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00ean Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u2026\u201d (Condren hay Amelote?). Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec h\u01a1n trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e9rulle nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, N\u0103m Ph\u1ee5ng V\u1ee5 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu[13]<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 [14]<\/span>.<\/p>\n

5. Linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, linh \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e9rulle ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129\u201d\u2026 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n; do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u01b0u t\u01b0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201c\u01afu t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh B\u00e9rule c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t<\/em>\u201d (L. Cognet); cha Olier th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u201cmang s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o trong ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c<\/em>\u201d (H\u1ed3i K\u00fd<\/em> VII, 290). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c, t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1eeba \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao h\u00e0m. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3: ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129, s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cc\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d. Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\/t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u201d trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cbi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em>[15]<\/span>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

a. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Discours sur l\u2019\u00e9tat et les grandeurs de J\u00e9sus<\/em> (B\u00e9rulle), La Vie et le Royaume de J\u00e9sus<\/em> (Jean Eudes), Cat\u00e9chisme chr\u00e9tien pour la vie int\u00e9rieure, L\u2019introduction \u00e0 la vie et aux vertus chr\u00e9tiennes<\/em> (Olier)\u2026 V\u00e0 B\u00e9rulle, Jean-Jacques Olier v\u00e0 Jean Eudes \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u00ab d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u00bb v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n xem n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. D\u00f9 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00ab chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u00bb hay b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu duy nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 g\u1edfi t\u00edn h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u1edf Vatican II) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

b. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u00ab l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u00bb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed gia cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c [16]<\/span>. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Jean Eudes[17]<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u00f9ng t\u00edn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u00ab nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed<\/em> \u00bb\u2026<\/p>\n

c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn thi\u00eang li\u00eang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd[18]<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Gia s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Vatican II \u2013 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u2013 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

+ m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u1edbn lao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng, ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c : \u01b0u t\u01b0 gi\u00fap cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean \u00abnh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n hay nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

+ \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i : \u00ab Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u00bb (B\u00e9rulle).<\/p>\n

+ M\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 s\u00e2u xa : t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eeba th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cha c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Sau c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n

6. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn lao d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i M\u1eb9 m\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngoan ngo\u00e3n v\u00e2ng theo Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb nay M\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1eb9 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n La<\/em> Vie de J\u00e9sus<\/em>, B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Tin. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c trang n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u00ab trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u00e1nh r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 M\u1eb9 \u1edf ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2026nh\u01b0ng M\u1eb9 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec M\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3, M\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0u mang n\u00f3 v\u00e0 sinh ra cho tr\u1ea7n gian \u00bb (Vie<\/em>, 5, \u00e9d. Dupuy, t.8, p.221).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e9rulle ca ng\u1ee3i trong \u00ab nh\u1eefng trang t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u00bb (P. Cochois) : \u00ab \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2026M\u1eb9 sinh ra c\u00e1ch \u00e2m th\u1ea7m m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3\u2026th\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong tr\u1ea7n gian l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Trinh N\u1eef khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft : ch\u00ednh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao c\u00f3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng<\/em> \u00bb (Vie<\/em>, p. 221)\u2026 \u00ab Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong M\u1eb9 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh M\u1eb9<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (p.222)\u2026 \u00ab M\u1eb9 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u2026M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 trong v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Con c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (Vie<\/em>, p.307).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria t\u1eeb nay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, M\u1eb9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00ab quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ban Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu cho c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u00bb. (Corresp., \u00e9d. Dagens, II, 345). L\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n t\u00f4i t\u1edb cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria m\u00e0 B\u00e9rulle v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng n\u00e0y. L\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u00ab do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> \u00bb (P. Cochois, B\u00e9rulle<\/em>, op.cit., p.108).<\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Maria c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle, v\u1eeba r\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba r\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0, M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau : h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea5n t\u00f4i t\u1edb hay n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Ta bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eddi kinh c\u1ee7a cha Condren b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00ab Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu s\u1ed1ng trong M\u1eb9 Maria \u00bb. Jean Eudes \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng trang tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i Tim c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria : \u00ab Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n M\u1eb9, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9, tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 ; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i Tim c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/em> \u00bb (O.C. VIII, p.130). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh th\u00e1nh (ic\u00f4ne) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i cha Olier, m\u1ed9t ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Maria n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, theo sau Bourgoing, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef D\u00e2ng M\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0y 21\/11, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng sinh l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y 21\/11 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh long tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e9rulle kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu C\u00e1t Minh Ph\u00e1p : nh\u1eefng n\u1eef tu n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 D\u00e2ng M\u00ecnh[19]<\/span>.<\/p>\n

7. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, B\u00e9rulle v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00ab nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea9y tu \u0111\u1ee9c \u00bb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u00e9rulle r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00ab m\u1ed9t \u0111am m\u00ea trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh : t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng phong ph\u00fa kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/em> \u00bb (P. Cochois, op.cit., p.4). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00ab tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u00bb linh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e9rulle mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u00ab s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u00bb. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u00ab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i anh em \u00bb (x. Gal 4, 19). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng :<\/p>\n

+ Kinh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hy t\u1ebf, l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf hu\u1eadn luy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 ; t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 : Truy\u1ec1n Tin, Gi\u00e1ng Sinh, H\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00easu, Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh, M\u00f9a V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng. L\u1ec5 D\u00e2ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd, l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u00ab chi\u1ebfu soi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00bb, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra Kinh nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang : Kinh nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (B\u00e9rulle), c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i Tim \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i Tim Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (Jean Eudes), c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria (Olier) \u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

+ D\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. Condren, Olier, Jean Eudes, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau Jean Baptiste de La Salle s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00ab nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00bb c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n suy ni\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kinh nguy\u1ec7n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria\u2026<\/p>\n

+ L\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng trang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong \u00ab nh\u00e0 \u00bb Saint-Sulpice. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong \u00ab h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Th\u00e1nh \u00bb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice.<\/p>\n

+ Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u0103m lo c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u0103m lo : \u00ab h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00bb (B\u00e9rulle)\u2026<\/p>\n

Lm<\/em>.<\/em> V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn<\/em><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

[1]<\/span> Theo Jean DUJARDIN, L\u2019Ecole fran\u00e7aise de spiritualit\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/span> DEVILLE Raymond, L\u2019Ecole fran\u00e7aise de spiritualit\u00e9<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2008, p. 242-243.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/span> Theo DEVILLE Raymond, L\u2019Ecole fran\u00e7aise de spiritualit\u00e9<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2008, p. 157-189.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, \u0152uvres de pi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, XI, col. 1245, \u00e9d. Migne (r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, Lettre 52<\/em>, oct. 1608 (\u00e9d. Dupuy, Correspondance<\/em>, 1, p. 154).<\/p>\n

[6]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, \u0152uvres de pi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, 209, 7, \u00e9d. Dupuy, t. 4, p.98.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, \u0152uvres de pi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, 108,1, \u00e9d. Dupuy, t. 3, p.107.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, Vie de J\u00e9sus<\/em>, ch. 29, \u00e9d. Dupuy, t.8, p.306.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/span> F. BOURGOING, Pr\u00e9face aux \u0152uvres de B\u00e9rulle<\/em>, p. 103 trong \u00e9d. Migne.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, \u0152uvres de pi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, 204,1, \u00e9d. Dupuy, t. 4, p.84.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/span> BERULLE Pierre, Grandeurs de J\u00e9sus<\/em>, 2, 12, \u00e9d. Dupuy, t.7, p.119.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/span> MERSCH E., Le Corps mystique du Christ<\/em>, Paris-Bruxelles, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer et l\u2019Edition universelle, 1936, 2vol. L\u2019Ecole fran\u00e7aise est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au t. II, p.301-344.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/span> DAGENS J., B\u00e9rulle<\/em>\u2026, Paris, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 1952, p. 373-375.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/span> DEVILLE R., Ecole fran\u00e7aise et mission<\/em>, dans \u00ab Mission et traditions spirituelles \u00bb, session C.S.M. Paris, 1985, p.77-85.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/span> Projet pour l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un s\u00e9minaire<\/em>, loc. cit., p.231. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i th\u1eddi danh : \u00ab C\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00bb.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/span> M. DUPUY, B\u00e9rulle et le Sacerdoce<\/em>, Paris, Lethielleux, 1969, p. ex. 103, 245\u2026<\/p>\n

[17]<\/span> P. MILCENT, S. Jean Eudes<\/em>, op.cit., p.131-133.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/span> KRUMENACKER Y., L\u2019Ecole fran\u00e7aise de spiritualit\u00e9<\/em>, p.350-364.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/span> L\u1eddi kinh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Elisabeth Ch\u00faa Ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecb vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 21\/11\/1904\u2026 \u00ab Con hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho M\u1eb9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung[1] 1. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u00ab Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Henri Bremond d\u00f9ng l\u1ea7n […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,36,14,33,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-j-j-olier","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-su-pham-xuan-bich-pedagogie","category-tam-linh","category-truong-phai-tu-duc-phap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36462,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions\/36462"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}