{"id":8903,"date":"2016-10-31T20:08:29","date_gmt":"2016-10-31T13:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=8903"},"modified":"2016-10-31T20:09:28","modified_gmt":"2016-10-31T13:09:28","slug":"dao-duc-sinh-hoc-va-giao-hoi-cong-giao-theo-nhan-quan-lich-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/dao-duc-sinh-hoc-va-giao-hoi-cong-giao-theo-nhan-quan-lich-su\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C SINH H\u1eccC V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O THEO NH\u00c3N QUAN L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e3n quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y khoa r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng; t\u00f4i tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 Trisomie 21 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u thai k\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9.<\/li>\n
    • V\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 y khoa n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ed1t: Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p? s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p? ch\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u00f4i th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ghi nh\u1eadn: nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y khoa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n ch\u0129nh m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang ta trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20 \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y khoa: vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Hammourabi ra \u0111\u1eddi 18 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y khoa.<\/li>\n
        • L\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hypocrate \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y khoa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          TH\u00c2N B\u00c0I<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong>\n
              \n
            • Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu: m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n g\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

              D\u1ecdc d\u00e0i theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982 khi ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a \u201cTh\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d: \u201cT\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n coi y khoa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1ecbp b\u01b0\u1edbc song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. [\u2026]. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd giam h\u00e3m linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng v\u1eady s\u1ef1 d\u1eef tinh th\u1ea7n giam h\u00e3m th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

              \u201cT\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y\u201d<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n qua m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i:<\/p>\n

              C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 10, 38, Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu: \u201c\u0110i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi \u00e2n gi\u00e1ng ph\u00fac t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb b\u1ecb ma qu\u1ef7 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n

              Luca 10: D\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

              Mt 25: C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi g\u1ee3i l\u00ean t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chung th\u1ea9m \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 25 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Tin M\u1eebng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c: cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n, cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1t u\u1ed1ng, cho k\u1ebb r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi \u0103n m\u1eb7c, vi\u1ebfng k\u1ebb li\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng k\u1ebb t\u00f9 r\u1ea1c, cho kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed7 nh\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Mt 25 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh em b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ta v\u1eady\u201d (Mt 25,40): ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

              V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Lc10 v\u00e0 Mt25) m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y khoa -> M\u1ed0I LI\u00caN H\u1ec6 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xa r\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/p>\n

              Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a suy t\u01b0 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u1eeb s\u00e1ch Didach\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5: s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 thai<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \n
                • Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 thai \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hippocrate v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                • Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 thai (x. EV 61). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t quy ch\u1ebf tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u00f4i thai kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cung l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i thai n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                  Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00f4i thai: ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn:<\/p>\n

                  Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 139,13: \u201cT\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 con, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, d\u1ec7t t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i trong d\u1ea1 m\u1eabu th\u00e2n con\u201d. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c si\u00eau \u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh: \u201cCon m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u00e0o thai, m\u1eaft Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y\u201d (Tv 139, 16).<\/p>\n

                  L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f3p c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n linh: \u201cxin Ng\u00e0i nh\u1edb cho, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra con b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t\u2026h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con nh\u01b0 s\u1eefa l\u1ecfng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean con b\u1eb1ng da b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y g\u00e2n l\u1ea5y c\u1ed1t m\u00e0 d\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00eau\u201d (G 10, 9-11).<\/p>\n

                  Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mu\u1ed9n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II), cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Israel (2Mcb 7,22-23), l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i [cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Antiochus Epiphane gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 167 v\u00e0 164]: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cM\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ban cho c\u00e1c con th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb9 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c con. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafn \u0111\u00fac n\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi do l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c con th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

                  Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kh\u00f4n ngoan 7,1-2: \u201cPh\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafn ra t\u1eeb b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t. Su\u1ed1t ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi n\u01a1i d\u1ea1 m\u1eabu th\u00e2n, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft, k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 b\u1edfi tinh kh\u00ed nam nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7\u201d. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho Salomon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n sinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng minh nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3n v\u0103n d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea7n linh; v\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                  Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i theo nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Gabriel v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi Giuse v\u00ec Ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 theo nh\u1eefng Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Luca v\u00e0 Matth\u00eau.<\/p>\n

                  Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung \u1ee9ng cho ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao trong Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

                  Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay: l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 thai l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

                  Ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 thai trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, s\u00e1ch Didach\u00e8: \u201cB\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sinh\u201d.<\/p>\n

                  Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

                  L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y khoa v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201ch\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u201d hay h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/li>\n
                  • M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00fa h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u00f4i?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3 hai; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                    \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc d\u1ecdc d\u00e0i theo c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau: nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc hay nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc: \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi xem x\u00e9t ph\u00f4i theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Platon nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 thu nh\u1eadn linh h\u1ed3n hay con ph\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00fa h\u1ed3n ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn (th\u1ef1c h\u1ed3n, gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3n, sinh h\u1ed3n theo nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Aristote).<\/p>\n

                    Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lay chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 b\u00e0o thai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u1ed3n l\u00fd t\u00ednh\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00fa h\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f4i? Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau: ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 40 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 90 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3. Hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Aristote v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 Aristote \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i nam t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                    • M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111\u01b0a ra: linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, v\u00ec th\u1ebf Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p!!!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: khi n\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00fa h\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f4i? l\u00e0: \u201ckhi n\u00e0o ph\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi?\u201d Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/u><\/strong>: t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI: Dignitas personae (2008) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cPh\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, \u1edf s\u1ed1 5. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1eefu th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI: Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y khoa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u00e0 XVII \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

                        Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia D\u00f2ng \u0110aminh ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00f9ng Salamanque, Fran\u00e7isco de Vitoria v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI.<\/p>\n

                        L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng h\u1eefu l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng khi kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb do g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u00e2y n\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn ra \u0111\u00e2y F. de Vitoria: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi<\/u> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n [\u2026] th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/u>\u201d. \u201cTh\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u201d kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1eefu l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt r\u00f5 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eafc gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t, d\u1eabu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \/\u2026\/. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i trong l\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vitoria, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 lao nh\u1ecdc hay qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

                        V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd T\u00e2y Ban Nha d\u00f2ng \u0110aminh v\u00e0 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean s\u1ebd khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                        \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y khoa n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 d\u1eef tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp mong mu\u1ed1n (volontaire) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n: c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ca c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c trong T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Ia IIae Q64 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hypocrate: primum non nocere = kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XX: v\u1edbi<\/strong>\n
                            \n
                          • S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y khoa \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng quy c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. C\u00f3 t\u00f2a \u00e1n Nuremberg<\/strong> v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 08 n\u0103m 1947. T\u00f2a \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Hitler \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m [kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc] v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u00e0 hoang d\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Theo sau t\u00f2a \u00e1n Nuremberg, nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m y khoa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Nuremberg v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947; v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

                              B\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chi ph\u1ed1i B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Nuremberg: n\u00f3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy chi\u1ebfu<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/u> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/u>, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                              • Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/u>: s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
                              • Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh<\/u>: cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                              • T\u00ednh h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 (r\u00e9versibilit\u00e9) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i<\/u>: ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc n\u00e0o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  \n
                                1. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc; nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960-1970 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950: ti\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0; s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/li>\n
                                2. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/strong> v\u00e0o suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1edd v\u00e0o:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                    \n
                                  • m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 R. McCormick v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Daniel Callahan.<\/li>\n
                                  • v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c trong suy t\u01b0 n\u00e0y: Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                      \n
                                    • Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c y sinh h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i y khoa c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u1ea5p tr\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/strong>\n
                                        \n
                                      • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn 3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • Thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc: tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
                                        • Thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/li>\n
                                        • Thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ba lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n minh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0n ph\u1ebf. V\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch gh\u00e9p m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn<\/u><\/strong>. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1956, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, d\u1eabu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1p gh\u00e9p duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a y khoa v\u1ec1 th\u00e1p gh\u00e9p, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o cho n\u1ec1n y khoa n\u00e0y:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              \n
                                            • T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1eed thi nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n \u00edch; quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n y khoa th\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
                                            • Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc: c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n. V\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00ec l\u00fd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
                                            • Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u201cl\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng anh em kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7; nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u: b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft; b\u1edfi \u1ee7y ban th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p 1993 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c: \u201cLi\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1p gh\u00e9p m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh y khoa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c<\/u>. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1953. Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a: \u201cnh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o l\u00e0: \u201cm\u1ed9t khi m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? Ai ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                                                • V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n c\u1ed1t l\u00e0: \u201cDi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u201cth\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/u> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u201cngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 khi l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft \u00e1n n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi.\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c: v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957 \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au\u201d. Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n khi r\u00fat ng\u1eafn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    Trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1958 \u201cNh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n\u201d: \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu b\u1edbt c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng k\u00e9o theo c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. Suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n<\/strong>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                        Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/u><\/strong>: theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma m\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1eafc \u00c2u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201cPh\u00e1 thai v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu\u201d [DC 1971 no<\/sup> 1598]. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed7i khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                          Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Amoris Laetitia<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin: Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai 1974 [DC 1974 no<\/sup> 1666].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                            Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1 thai trong nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n suy t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tham chi\u1ebfu Kinh Th\u00e1nh, s\u00e1ch Didach\u00e8, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u2018d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed\u201d, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            • Donum vitae<\/em>: Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng Y Ratzinger k\u00fd: hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00ec khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c chung quanh s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a y khoa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o sinh: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 tinh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u00edt s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap y khoa d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d.<\/li>\n
                                                            • Evangelium vitae<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tham v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
                                                            • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cPh\u00f4i thai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u2019. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn, ra \u0111\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n sinh: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/li>\n
                                                            • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb Dignitas personae b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 20 n\u0103m Donum vitae. Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Donum vitae v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y khoa v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a y khoa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o sinh [\u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh ph\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh tr\u1ee9ng].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                              M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a y khoa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o sinh.<\/p>\n

                                                              K\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                \n
                                                              • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb \u201cNh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957.<\/li>\n
                                                              • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 \u2018C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n r\u1ea5t hay [DC 1979 no<\/sup> 1764] c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y khoa v\u00e0o l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                                                              • N\u0103m 1980, U\u1ef7 Ban Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Tr\u1ee3 T\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u201cb\u00e1m ri\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb\u201d. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec7ch cho\u1ea1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec7ch cho\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y khoa nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n v\u0103n tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u01a1n \u0111au l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng; v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cth\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d; b\u1ea3n v\u0103n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p tr\u1eadt nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n
                                                              • V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, \u1ee6y ban th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n r\u1ea5t hay n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0o l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                                                              • N\u0103m 1995, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Evangelium vitae<\/em>.\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • T\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n?<\/strong>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean thi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/u> v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y khoa nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                                                                  • Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u<\/u> nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 y khoa n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                                                                  • Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu:<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                  • Ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn, c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                                                                  • Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m th\u00e2n (somato spirituelle) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y khoa tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo t\u00ednh nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n coi th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc; nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n th\u1edd th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                                                                  • Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed lu\u00e2n l\u00fd: h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c y khoa<\/u>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                      T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995 v\u1ec1 ba l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

                                                                      \u201cHu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, theo C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II, Lumen gentium 25: \u201cD\u00f9 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 phong h\u00f3a l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ng\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                      M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

                                                                      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995 trong Th\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

                                                                      Evangelium vitae s\u1ed1 56 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                      Evangelium vitae s\u1ed1 62 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                      T\u00f4i th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II n\u00f3i \u1edf s\u1ed1 60: \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trong t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                                      EV 65 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u00eam d\u1ecbu<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                      C\u1ea3 ba tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch; ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 n\u00e9t so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7p b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng qua kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin: \u0111\u1ec3 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      • Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 y khoa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: v\u00ed d\u1ee5: di truy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1p gh\u00e9p c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                        Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh gi\u1ea3i b\u1edfi C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes s\u1ed1 50,2.<\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        • Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                          \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

                                                                          T\u00f4i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                                                                          M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: n\u1ebfu lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ecbnh khung cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y khoa, nh\u00e2n danh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

                                                                            \n
                                                                          • Ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng khung \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (positivisme juridique): lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n
                                                                          • Ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1? Nh\u00e2n danh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi sinh em b\u00e9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap y khoa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o sinh?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                            C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/u><\/strong> Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u201cTrong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                            Lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

                                                                            V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc: quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 l\u00fd to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi th\u1ee5 thai \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i; quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, quy\u1ec1n cho tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 thai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                                                                            \u1ede ph\u00eda sau, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n