{"id":9534,"date":"2018-01-16T10:41:41","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T03:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=9534"},"modified":"2019-12-06T08:49:12","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T01:49:12","slug":"loi-bat-va-bay-gio-mot-vien-anh-moi-cho-giao-hoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/loi-bat-va-bay-gio-mot-vien-anh-moi-cho-giao-hoi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1edcI B\u1ea0T: V\u00c0 B\u00c2Y GI\u1edc ? M\u1ed8T VI\u1ec4N \u1ea2NH M\u1edaI CHO GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I"},"content":{"rendered":"

LTS: B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a cha Christophe Th\u00e9obald \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m “L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t” cho cu\u1ed1n: Exhortation apostolique post-synodale du pape Fran\u00e7ois, La Joie de l\u2019Amour<\/em>, Edition pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e et annot\u00e9e sous la direction du Service national Famille et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 Conf\u00e9rence des \u00e9v\u00eaques de France \u2013 et de la Facult\u00e9 de th\u00e9ologie du Centre S\u00e8vres. Avec un guide de lecture et des t\u00e9moignages. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 Lessius<\/em>, 2016. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

L\u1edcI B\u1ea0T<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00c0 B\u00c2Y GI\u1edc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

CHRISTOPH THEOBALD<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

          Cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i d\u00e0nh t\u1eb7ng cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y: \u201cT\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n s\u1ebd \u00edch l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n) tham gia m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn* \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t, hay n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cho m\u1ed7i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u201d (s\u1ed1 7). \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111i theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng n\u01a1i t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eb7p t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh*. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 c\u1eady d\u1ef1a s\u00edt sao v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a hai th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2015), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn <\/em>h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u2013 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi \u00ad<\/em>\u00ad\u2013 v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec1 cao t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1 \u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng* kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T T\u1ea6M NH\u00ccN M\u1edaI M\u1eba<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Hai h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u00ad\u2013 \u201c\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng*\u201d hay \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng*\u201d v\u00e0 <\/em>\u201cl\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t*\u201d hay \u201cs\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i\u201d (proximit\u00e9<\/em>) \u2013 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb\u201d (leimotiv<\/em>). Ngay trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp (s\u1ed1 5), \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa N\u0103m th\u00e1nh L\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng l\u00fac hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: \u201c\u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00edch l\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t <\/em>v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i<\/em> \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng\u201d hay m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 61-62) \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0\u1edbc mong v\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 35-38), d\u00f9 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c<\/em> \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t dung m\u1ea1o v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m; \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac \u1ea5y, v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng: \u201cl\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng ai x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d (s\u1ed1 297), \u201ccon tim s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng\u201d (s\u1ed1 309).<\/p>\n

            \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft trung t\u00e2m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin m\u1eebng v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e2n<\/em> (xem EG<\/em> c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 41 v\u00e0 112), b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u01b0u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 58, tham chi\u1ebfu EG<\/em> c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 35 v\u00e0 164), v\u00e0 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u00f4-g\u00edc c\u1ee7a Tin m\u1eebng\u201d (297) v\u00e0 \u201cl\u00f4-g\u00edc c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t m\u1ee5c t\u1eed\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 307-312).<\/p>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cl\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi\u201d, kh\u00f4ng mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, v\u00e0 <\/em>\u201cs\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 35-38). V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i coi ch\u1eebng nguy c\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u2013 \u201ckhoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d (s\u1ed1 297) \u2013 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau: khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u201cm\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1eadp m\u1edd n\u00e0o\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cao v\u1ecdng \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d (s\u1ed1 308 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 2), v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 \u201ckhoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201cngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ki\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i\u201d (s\u1ed1 300 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 2).<\/p>\n

            \u1ea4y v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau<\/em> m\u1edbi gi\u00fap tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i ng\u00e3 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5: s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p, trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau, ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i*\u201d (s\u1ed1 309). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong m\u1ed7i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, cho n\u00ean \u00fd Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (s\u1ed1 304 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 305), nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u201cbi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n* trong Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d (discernement spirituel<\/em>) v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201c\u0111a di\u1ec7n\u201d (multitudinariste<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u tinh hoa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c \u201cch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n\u201d (308, xem th\u00eam Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a Tin m\u1eebng<\/em>, 279).<\/p>\n

            \u201cT\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u201d n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u201d h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i t\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em> m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Tin M\u1eebng, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111\u00f3 \u201ct\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9m v\u00e0o tha nh\u00e2n\u201d, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 gay g\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u1eadt s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pharis\u00eau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng Gioan (s\u1ed1 49). C\u1ea3 ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh (1o<\/sup>), tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh (2o<\/sup>) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (3o<\/sup>), c\u1ea3 ba ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u hay th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi cho nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a\u201d khai m\u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f3m k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Ti\u00ean v\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t h\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m* g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1<\/em> v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/em> (xem s\u1ed1 44). \u201cV\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u01b0\u1edbc qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 an vui \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i xum v\u1ea7y quanh b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c\u201d (s\u1ed1 9), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 128 v\u1ed1n gi\u00fap ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 khung c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nazar\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t \u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u201d v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n rong du\u1ed7i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tha nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, Ch\u00faa b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ebb chia v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh, kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd (s\u1ed1 21), \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng \u201cL\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/em>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh*\u201d (s\u1ed1 22). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            Khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u201c\u00e1nh m\u1eaft Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu\u201d; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 cho th\u1ea5y ngay trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n (Ga 16, 13), s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u201cnh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft\u201d, v\u00e0 khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: \u201cngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/em>, khi ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 qua \u00e1nh m\u1eaft Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u201d (s\u1ed1 3). Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 qua \u00e1nh m\u1eaft Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em>, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng* \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 (s\u1ed1 60, xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 77 v\u00e0 78), ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ee9c linh \u1ea3nh (ic\u00f4ne<\/em>) gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (s\u1ed1 61-66, \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 18, 21 v\u00e0 30).<\/p>\n

            Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ti\u00ean v\u00e0n c\u1ea7n chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm th\u1eadt l\u00e2u Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu <\/em>v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra Ch\u00faa qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Con c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ea5ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a M\u00ecnh n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Con \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, khi theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 \u201cmu\u1ed1n chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ch\u00faa \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong v\u00f4 v\u00e0n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, mu\u1ed1n k\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh Linh ng\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf (s\u1ef1 k\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean khung c\u1ea3nh cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, xem c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 59 v\u00e0 164). V\u1ed1n d\u0129 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng “Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i” v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e2ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu th\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp m\u1ed9t \u201cbi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1\u201d n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay<\/em> \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh\u201d n\u1ebfu Th\u00e1nh Kinh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a \u201cnh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d (s\u1ed1 30) trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay<\/em>, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 kh\u00f4n th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d (s\u1ed1 31). R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cth\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1\u201d c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

            Ba nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng mong manh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi\u201d (39), th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 di d\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, v.v. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: \u201c\u01af\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh <\/em>v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi \u201c\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n\u201d hay \u201cnhu c\u1ea7u\u201d v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 do b\u1edfi t\u00ednh \u00e1i k\u1ef7 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 33, 34, 39, v.v.).<\/p>\n

            Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu<\/em> mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (xem EG<\/em> s\u1ed1 77); b\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, \u201cc\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang than phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay\u201d (s\u1ed1 36). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d (s\u1ed1 35), v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean <\/em>\u201c\u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0\u1edbc mong<\/em>\u201d (36); \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng<\/em>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u0110i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c truy t\u1ea7m \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a “\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh” trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 kh\u00f4n th\u1ea5u\u201d ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 2 v\u00e0 31). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng\u201d (Ni\u1ec1m Vui c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 112), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng (1 Cr 7,7), m\u00e0, theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0 \u201cbao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c*\u201d (1 Cr 7,5). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ti\u00ean v\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng\u201d hay m\u1ed9t \u201clu\u1eadt\u201d nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 61 v\u00e0 62). V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ea1 con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t sinh ngay ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng d\u00e0nh cho nhau \u0111\u00f3\u201d (s\u1ed1 80), m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (sexualit\u00e9 conjugale<\/em>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng\u201d (s\u1ed1 74), v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i quy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n (procr\u00e9ation*<\/em>) \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n. T\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n* “\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 81-83). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng xem h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng\u201d (\u00e9tat de vie<\/em>) – [m\u00e0 trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Lumen gentium<\/em> s\u1ed1 11, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n] – kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u201ckhi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh cao tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 159 v\u00e0 160). Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u201cbi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d (s\u1ed1 72), \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                L\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1edbi \u201cTin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 60, 63,76, 89, \u2026) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u01b0 sau: c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i\u201d \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (xem Mc 10, 11-12, \u2026) \u2013 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u201ctheo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d, m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh, ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c\u201d (s\u1ed1 63). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u201cn\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d (l\u2019arri\u00e8re-plan<\/em>) Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng d\u1eabu cho c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 \u0111i n\u1eefa, l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201c\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u201cTin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 \u201cm\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Giao \u01af\u1edbc* \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi sau h\u1ebft, v\u1edbi h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 Chi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (xem Kh 19, 9)\u201d (s\u1ed1 63).<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u00ed t\u00edch*\u201d \u2013 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u201cmang chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng\u201d (charismatique<\/em>) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (s\u1ed1 67), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 72-74). T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hai l\u1ea7n l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y n\u01a1i Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 Hy v\u1ecdng <\/em>48, 2, theo \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 qua b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng [\u2026] v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 67 v\u00e0 73); \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ed t\u00edch n\u00e0y t\u1eadn s\u00e2u trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch hay \u201cd\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 b\u00ed t\u00edch\u201d cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 Ep 5, 21-23, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam (xem s\u1ed1 156).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gia*\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 67 v\u00e0 86), m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II (Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Lumen gentium<\/em>, s\u1ed1 11), v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gia\u201d (s\u1ed1 87), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201ckinh nghi\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d: \u201cm\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng<\/em>, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh (s\u1ed1 86). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang lo ng\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u201cl\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a\u201d mang chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 coi nh\u1eb9 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi hai l\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cc\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o\u201d sau \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin Kit\u00f4 kh\u00e1c: \u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, – \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd -, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean vai \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i; b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng <\/em>v\u1ed1n d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban\u201d (s\u1ed1 122, xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 73).<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u01a1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em>*. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 suy t\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang l\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u201cquy lu\u1eadt ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn*\u201d (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 293-295), \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c* nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: b\u00ed t\u00edch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd m\u1edbi m\u1ebb (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 73, 74 v\u00e0 186); \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng (xem s\u1ed1 300), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 76-79).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh \u201cTin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (s\u1ed1 76). Trong su\u1ed1t hai th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eeba qua, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi\u201d (semina verbi<\/em>), truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong Gaudium et Spes <\/em>s\u1ed1 22 v\u00e0 Ad gentes <\/em>s\u1ed1 11): \u201cCh\u1ec9 khi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa t\u1eadn ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u00e2n linh\u201d (s\u1ed1 77); ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n* d\u1ef1a theo ba lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cb\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai [\u2026], b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa\u201d (s\u1ed1 77), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u201cho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u201ctham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n\u201d (s\u1ed1 78), v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u201cti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4n ngoan\u201d (crit\u00e8re de prudence<\/em>) \u201ckhi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 khi g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n\u201d, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y h\u1ec7t nhau trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d (s\u1ed1 79). \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft phi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay ho\u00e0n v\u0169), \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Latinh\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch [h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n]\u201d: \u201cQua b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau trong b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d (s\u1ed1 75). H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c t\u00f3m k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng hay v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u00ed t\u00edch, c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi nh\u1eb9 trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u201cv\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em>\u201d v\u1edbi b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean b\u00ed t\u00edch <\/em>c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c<\/em> t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u1eef<\/em>, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n <\/em>v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u00ed t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\u201d (s\u1ed1 75).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m<\/em>* (s\u1ed1 37) r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1eadn v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3\u201d (s\u1ed1 84 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 85): \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/em>\u201d (s\u1ed1 85). \u0110\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, \u201cnh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch, c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d (s\u1ed1 200). \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Latinh kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n tr\u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e3y suy t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong nghi th\u1ee9c b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1edbi l\u1eddi ch\u00fac ph\u00fac l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng <\/em>c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                      T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 kh\u00f4n th\u1ea5u, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ed1 6) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n sinh l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi tri\u1ec3n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111i ra\u201d h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u<\/em> (EG<\/em> 20-24), n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn g\u00e2y tha ho\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng hay m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu lu\u00f4n \u1edf n\u01a1i \u201cn\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d (l’arri\u00e8re-plan<\/em>) \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e2ng cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di d\u00e2n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a bi\u1ebft bao \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao qu\u00fd, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3\u201d hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cla b\u00e0n\u201d n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                      Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, s\u00e1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 chi\u1ebfm 2\/3 t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u1ebft: (1) h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n; (2) c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111a di\u1ec7n\u201d (multitudinariste<\/em>).<\/p>\n

          H\u1eccC C\u00c1CH \u201cNH\u00ccN\u201d THA NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 C\u00c1CH \u201c\u0110\u1ed2NG H\u00c0NH\u201d V\u1edaI THA NH\u00c2N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea5p b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn trong v\u00f9ng tranh t\u1ed1i tranh s\u00e1ng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1y th\u1eb3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ngay trong l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7m k\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cay \u0111\u1eafng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u2013 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u201cng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn\u201d s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh\u201d c\u00f9ng nhau tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u201cti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbc mong (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 57, 201, 230; n\u00ean xem k\u1ef9 EG<\/em> 25-33).<\/p>\n

          H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u01b0\u1edbc mong r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp nho nh\u1ecf: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n danh m\u1ee5c<\/strong> sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn <\/em>hay ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa bi\u1ebft bao. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c trang c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea7m t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh <\/em>ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi xem \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u <\/em>m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111ang nh\u00ecn <\/em>cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng ng\u1ea7m s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp ch\u00fa mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean trong ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn \u2013 t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y \u2013 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea7y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng* (c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 v\u00e0 5), \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 v\u00e0 7), v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh, nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00e1nh nh\u00ecn bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1\u201d (c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8 v\u00e0 9). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m k\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: \u201cChi\u00eam ng\u1eafm m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u2026, \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m* thi\u00eang li\u00eang s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u201d (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9, s\u1ed1 323).  <\/p>\n

                      M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft bao, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00eau b\u1eadt l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac than phi\u1ec1n: \u201cCh\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eady\u201d, hay \u201cTrong nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3, h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d (s\u1ed1 128). V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cvun tr\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm\u201d, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta khung c\u1ea3nh vui t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a phim B\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Babette<\/em>, \u00abtrong phim ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 tri \u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i: \u201c\u1ede v\u1edbi em, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no tho\u1ea3 cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ef9 v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o!\u201d \u00bb (s\u1ed1 129).<\/p>\n

                      Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i ca \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 (1 Cr 13), r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp c\u1eed h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, – \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang an nhi\u00ean l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i v\u1eady – , nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0ng chu\u1ed7i m\u00e2n c\u00f4i, mang l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn* v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng tham lam, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng khoe khoang kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c\u2026, d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 thanh tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m\u2026, bi\u1ebft tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft chung vui v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebft khoan dung trong m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebft tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2026 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 90-119).<\/p>\n

                      Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng xem x\u00e9t, ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu th\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng khi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch<\/em>, v\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu th\u00ea s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m […] v\u1ed1n bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n (tendresse de l’amiti\u00e9<\/em>) v\u00e0 <\/em>ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea* c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau (passion \u00e9rotique<\/em>)” (s\u1ed1 120). Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu th\u00ea c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1ea5y (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 116, 131 v\u00e0 134), cho d\u00f9 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng (nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ghi nh\u1eadn trong ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n

                      Sau khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn – tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quy n\u1ea1p – “s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu th\u00ea”, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu th\u00ea (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 123-125), \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 m\u1edbi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1eebng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u1ed9t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n minh gi\u1ea3i cho t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau <\/em>(c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 126-130), ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m vui tho\u1ea3 – th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eaft ng\u1ea5m – b\u1edfi l\u1ebd t\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu hay t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1i h\u1eefu (amour d’amiti\u00e9<\/em>) d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i v\u1ed1n th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi – ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111au \u1ed1m, gi\u00e0 nua hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ebb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0o n\u1eefa c\u1ea3. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 131 – 141). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n khai tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m hay t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c (amour-passion<\/em>) v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c (sexualit\u00e9<\/em>) (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 142-157) – v\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n: “V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n?” (s\u1ed1 145).<\/p>\n

                      Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau – “r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng ngon” (s\u1ed1 135) -, th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e2ng b\u1edfi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111ang “sinh hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i” (f\u00e9cond<\/em>). Khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt<\/em> n\u00e0y<\/em> l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 rong du\u1ed7i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp: tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u khai tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thai ngh\u00e9n v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 166-177); ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “sinh con \u0111\u1ebb c\u00e1i” m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 178 – 186), d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t m\u00e3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1edbi “d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trao cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ‘gia \u0111\u00ecnh’, \u0111\u1ec3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh” (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 183 v\u00e0 194); ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00f2ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 187-198).<\/p>\n

                      Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 cung gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Gaudium et spes <\/em>(1965) v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Familiaris consortio <\/em>c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II (1981). N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia <\/em>d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1edfi qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong Gaudium et spes<\/em>, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i “c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o b\u1edfi Familiaris consortio <\/em>(FC <\/em>s\u1ed1 84 v\u00e0 AL <\/em>s\u1ed1 298). Ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n tr\u00ean ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y<\/em>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i trang b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec…! D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu <\/em>c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn….<\/p>\n

          … v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh “chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm” \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eeba li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u1ea3 n\u0103m l\u1eabn n\u1eef) \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n (xem c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 218, 219, 224, 235 v\u00e0 279). Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh” chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta – nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd – v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh hay song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi…” (s\u1ed1 62 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c<\/em>); nh\u01b0ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con chi\u00ean th\u1ee9 100: “Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu t\u1ef1 t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 100 con chi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a 99 con. Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y” (s\u1ed1 309). Vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh Tin M\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ed1n \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p tr\u1eadt “l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o” (gouvernement<\/em>) v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5; nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u1ea5y (\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi n\u01a1i s\u1ed1 6 c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II).<\/p>\n

                      Theo \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4, ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft <\/em>trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng linh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 201-204), v\u1edbi b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 <\/em>theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt Ph\u00fac \u00e2m: “\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. […] Trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hay nguy k\u1ecbch, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u1eady nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3…”, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (xem s\u1ed1 234). B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i l\u1edbn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe \u01b0\u1edbc mong c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Latinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 “nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean” c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean” c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 202, 206, 207,…), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m chung trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5” (s\u1ed1 200), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00edn h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u1edf trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00bb (enjeux<\/em>) v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “g\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t n\u00eau t\u00ean”: th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1eed h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 205-216), vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 217-230), nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3u (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 231-238), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 239 v\u00e0 240), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a c\u1eed suy ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 253-258).<\/p>\n

                      M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trong \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3; nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi k\u1ecbch ho\u00e1: “M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t tin m\u1eebng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1eafng nghe b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp sao cho th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con tim th\u1eadt nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n” (s\u1ed1 232). S\u1ef1 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia ly c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ly d\u1ecb. Ngay \u1edf trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n t\u1edbi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1eadt nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n sinh kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 “ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p”, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “g\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean” v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf; nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u1ed1n ti\u00ean v\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly d\u1ecb t\u00e1i h\u00f4n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ‘kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng’ v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd h\u1ecd c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu” (s\u1ed1 243). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 245 v\u00e0 246); v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb em n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n

                      Th\u00f4ng qua ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh* m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u01a1i Amoris laetitia<\/em>, t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y minh ho\u1ea1 c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi “t\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong d\u1ecbp ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Charlemagne v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2016); \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n sinh”. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn cho th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 tha nh\u00e2n, v\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trau d\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t “s\u1ef1 \u0111i ra” h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u – s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m <\/em>– c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, “nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5” c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ed5 sinh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp*.<\/p>\n

          V\u00cc M\u1ed8T GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I “\u0110A DI\u1ec6N” BI\u1ebeT H\u1ed8I NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i <\/em>\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi <\/em>v\u1ec1 \u00fd Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ngay t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u0111a di\u1ec7n*, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: “v\u00ec cao h\u01a1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a di\u1ec7n<\/em>” (EG <\/em>234-237); ng\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia<\/em>, \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi” l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t quy t\u1eafc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      V\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i Familiaris consortio<\/em>, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh “quy t\u1eafc” v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh “b\u1ea5t quy t\u1eafc” (FC <\/em>65, 79, 80 v\u00e0 85) b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nho nh\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi” l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t quy t\u1eafc. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta “n\u00f3i” v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i “ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh” hay “ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n ki\u1ec3u \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 v\u1ed1n b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u ho\u1eafm trong n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: “v\u00f4-<\/em>th\u1ea7n” (a-<\/em>th\u00e9es), “v\u00f4-<\/em>t\u00edn” (in<\/em>-croyants), “b\u1ea5t<\/em>-quy t\u1eafc” (ir<\/em>-r\u00e9guliers), v.v. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m quy chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu quy t\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u “Pharis\u00eau”, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “thi\u00eang li\u00eang” n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, t\u1ee9c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee9 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean “ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft” v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi (2 Cr 3,6). Trong t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec3m quy chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng <\/em>d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 <\/em>\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e2ng b\u1edfi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

                      \u0110i\u1ec3m quy chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u00e0y nay bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 <\/em>c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh \u00fd nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/em>\u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1eef h\u00e0nh* tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/em>; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 “c\u00f3” “m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu duy nh\u1ea5t”, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u1ea5y, x\u00e9t trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng “t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3” n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c “l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m” c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hay d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng “ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nghe \u1edf t\u1eadn n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh, n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (GS <\/em>16), v\u00ec “s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu” (xem AL <\/em>123) l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Veritatis splendor <\/em>(1993) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Familiaris consortio <\/em>(1981), nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m di\u1ec5n ra C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u1eadu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a Karl Rahner, Alfons Auer, Franz B\u00f6ckle, Josef Fuchs, v.v. K\u1ec3 h\u1ebft ra th\u00ec d\u00e0i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                      “Quy t\u1eafc” \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3y may bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t “kh\u00e1ch quan t\u00ednh” phi th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a “th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i” (huius temporis<\/em>); v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “t\u00e1i khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac” b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em>. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1 cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Halakha<\/em>; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 rao gi\u1ea3ng trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 th\u1eddi sau h\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 kinh s\u01b0 hay nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt s\u0129: t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly* v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt<\/em> nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Tin M\u1eebng <\/em>v\u1ed1n khai m\u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00edn m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 “quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i” (r\u00e9gulation<\/em>) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n bao qu\u00e1t l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f3, ngay th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ghi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u1ea5y v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc \u1ea5y, “t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn*” c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 “t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i suy” (analogie<\/em>) gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (s\u1ed1 252) s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i “t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3” (l’impossibilit\u00e9<\/em>) trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i suy \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c “m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh” (s\u1ed1 251).<\/p>\n

                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m “ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn” v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i suy” trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e9n l\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “c\u00e1i quy t\u1eafc” v\u00e0 “c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t quy t\u1eafc”. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e1 “c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/em>b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng” v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu (s\u1ed1 250).<\/p>\n

          M\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi<\/em>, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t “\u00e1nh nh\u00ecn bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1” trong s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh con m\u1eaft camera n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta sao cho n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh tri \u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn theo “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i” (via caritatis<\/em>).<\/p>\n

                      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/em> nh\u01b0 sau: t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly d\u1ecb, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u00f4n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cha ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh n\u1eefa (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 241-252 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 297-300). “Lu\u1eadt ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn” v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “lo\u1ea1i suy” \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 “tha-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n” (l’alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l’autre<\/em>) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung trong c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 250 v\u00e0 251 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n quan th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong “th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn” (condition<\/em>) b\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa,<\/em> th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn \u1ea5y, v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb <\/em>kh\u1ecfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t “\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh” (1 Cr 7, 19.29-31) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh “n\u01a1i” k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, “m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 <\/em>m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e1nh” (Thi h\u00e0o Patrice de La Tour Du Pin).<\/p>\n

                      Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, “\u00e1nh nh\u00ecn bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1” sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt <\/em>bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n* \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (s\u1ed1 300). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quy t\u1eafc chung, trong khi “r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t”, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi  s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng bao la b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n linh, v\u1edbi “chi\u1ebfc la b\u00e0n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m” nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o n\u00ean ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, sao cho \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang bu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t “t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3” hay m\u1ed9t “c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5” v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean h\u1ec7, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c thi tho\u1ea3ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t). T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 296-306), v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3m khinh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quy tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng <\/em>v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5* <\/em>c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. “V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hay nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m khinh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch quan – v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y” (s\u1ed1 305).<\/p>\n

                      N\u1ebfu ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (enjeux<\/em>) nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi? Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Amoris laetitia <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

          L\u00f4-g\u00edc c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i <\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m mang \u0111\u1eadm d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n “L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng” (conception pentecostale<\/em>) c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn v\u00e0o trong t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu n\u01a1i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2015 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh phong (Mc 1, 40-45), b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng trong th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n h\u1ed3ng y. N\u01a1i b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp l\u00f4-g\u00edc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi l\u00f4-g\u00edc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c long tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 mang chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch “t\u00f4ng to\u00e0” (quasi cath\u00e9drale<\/em>): \u00abTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i hay b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i*<\/em>: “Hai l\u00f4-g\u00edc \u0111i c\u00f9ng su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp […]. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00earusalem, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp […]. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft \u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t Ch\u00faa tr\u00e0o tr\u00e0n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u xin Ch\u00faa x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng. [… B\u1edfi l\u1ebd] \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ai x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng!”\u00bb (296).<\/p>\n

                      S\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n lay l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y<\/em>. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y ti\u00ean v\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh <\/em>ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n* t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng: “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thay cho mu\u00f4n l\u1ea7n”, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (325). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 <\/em>\u1edf b\u00ean kia m\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, l\u00e0 “quy t\u1eafc” v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta cho l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t quy t\u1eafc”, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t hay “ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n” v\u1ec1 tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 <\/em>v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 khi v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (158-162), nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

                      Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh* <\/em>m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh “\u0111a m\u00e0u” (Ep 3, 10, quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1o ch\u00f9ng d\u00e0i tay “\u0111a m\u00e0u” c\u1ee7a Giuse trong St 37,3), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, thi tho\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt Tin M\u1eebng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh” t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh mong manh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111a ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tranh t\u1ed1i tranh s\u00e1ng trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e9n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed9i vi “k\u00edn c\u1ed5ng cao t\u01b0\u1eddng” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ao \u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c vi\u00ean m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng nhau c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p” (Dei verbum <\/em>10,1) lu\u00f4n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00ear\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m H\u1eefu C\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

          T\u00fd Linh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          LTS: B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a cha Christophe Th\u00e9obald \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m “L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t” cho cu\u1ed1n: Exhortation apostolique post-synodale du pape Fran\u00e7ois, La Joie de […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9443,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[137],"class_list":["post-9534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gia-dinh","tag-phanxico-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9534"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11520,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9534\/revisions\/11520"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}