{"id":964,"date":"2012-12-27T11:08:09","date_gmt":"2012-12-27T04:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=964"},"modified":"2012-12-27T11:08:09","modified_gmt":"2012-12-27T04:08:09","slug":"galat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/galat\/","title":{"rendered":"PHAOL\u00d4 V\u00c0 CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI TH\u01af\u1edcNG KH\u1edeI T\u1eea GAL\u00c1T (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n 1\u00a0: <\/strong>Th\u01b0 Gal\u00e1t<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u1edf x\u1ee9 mi\u1ec1n T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf v\u00f9ng m\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, tr\u00e1ng ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111i theo v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1edd k\u00ednh \u201cTh\u00e1nh M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh\u201d, t\u1ee9c N\u1eef th\u1ea7n C\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du, \u1edf n\u01a1i \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y sung b\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho \u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c Attis ng\u1eabu th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng r\u00e2u, tr\u1ebb trung, nh\u01b0ng y\u00eam ho\u1ea1n d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c trai tr\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; v\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn Do th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u1eaft b\u00ec c\u1ee7a Do th\u00e1i v\u00e0 coi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y h\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 Attis, th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 mi\u1ec1n Anti\u00f4kia c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng KH\u00d4NG v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Thanh-nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o: \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du\/s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i t\u1eeb \u201cn\u00fai Sion\u201d \u1edf Gi\u00earusalem! K\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0, th\u00e1nh-nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do. B\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy\/s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ta.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, thanh t\u1ea9y l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c khai t\u00e2m\/h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda m\u1ecdi t\u00ec v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i to\u1ea3 kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u0103n minh r\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec, t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u\/tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n. S\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c sinh\/tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. Ph\u1ee5c sinh\/tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, qua \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb rang bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai \u0111i n\u1eefa. D\u00f9, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 H. D. Betz l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0 Gal\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\/v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ————–<\/p>\n

\u201cT<\/strong>\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4i. (Gal 2: 20)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Galata<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do \u00f4ng t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Galata v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn do \u00f4ng ghi, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n am hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c sinh\/tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. So v\u1edbi th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Galata, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Thessal\u00f4nik\u00ea v\u00e0 Phil\u00edpph\u00ea ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng Galata l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 t\u1eebng sinh ho\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m; l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n do \u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng g\u1eedi th\u01b0, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Gallic, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Gal v\u00e0 T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc, l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Do th\u00e1i t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cGalata\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c l\u1eabn khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam Galata. Xem ra, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 mi\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1, t\u1ee9c Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft theo cung c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan v\u1eabn lang thang chinh chi\u1ebfn r\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y mai \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u1edf trung b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Galata. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed1n g\u1ed1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan, v\u1eady. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u1ecd t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong v\u00f9ng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t\u201d.<\/p>\n

(x. The Dying Gaul, a statue in the Capitoline Museumn Rome, the original of which is bronze in Pergamum. He is on his last leg!) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u201cd\u1eaby ch\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u00dac)<\/p>\n

\u1ede Galata, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Gal\u00e1t c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u201cc\u1eaft b\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt Torah, c\u1ee7a Do th\u00e1i. V\u00e0, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i \u1edf Galata.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 J. Dunn c\u0169ng t\u1eebng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ghi th\u01b0 ra sao cho nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c. Xem ra t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda Nam Galata. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Crossan v\u00e0 Reed l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc b\u1ed9, m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. B\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 ghi th\u01b0 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, th\u00ec th\u01b0 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u201950, sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda Nam th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 48 ho\u1eb7c 49, sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec th\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft 2, t\u1ee9c: th\u01b0 t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 Gal\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t C\u00f4rinth\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 hai g\u1eedi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf C\u00f4rinth\u00f4 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 hai C\u00f4rinth\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n 10-13 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 hai C\u00f4rinth\u00f4 t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n 1-9, c\u00f2n th\u01b0 Gal\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai th\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t cung c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. (x. Susan Elliott, Cutting Too Close for Comfort: Paul\u2019s letter to the Galatians in its Anatolian Cultic Context<\/span>, Journal for the Study\u00a0 the New Testament Supplement Series 248, Sheffied Academic Press, 2004)<\/p>\n

Elliott c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anatolian \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Galata. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gals v\u00e0 T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1edd c\u00fang \u201cTh\u00e1nh M\u1eabu c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u1ea7n m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebb. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn giai tho\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0103n ho\u00e1, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1eabu th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang b\u00e1i, th\u1edd l\u1ea1y. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, xem ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u201ctr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec\u201d m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 quanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai \u1edf quanh \u0111\u00f3. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u201ckhu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Mormon\u201d \u1edf bang Utah, Hoa k\u1ef3. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0 vua quan l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u201cTh\u00e1nh M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n\u201d, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u201cTh\u00e1nh M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a N\u00fai \u0110\u1ed3i\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u201cTh\u00e1nh M\u1eabu V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i\u201d. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qui lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. B\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh n\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng tranh v\u1ebd \u201c\u00d4ng S\u01b0 t\u1eed\u201d. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n hoang d\u00e3, r\u1eebng r\u00fa. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang b\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u201ckho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh\u201d c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\/kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf; b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, r\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Attis, m\u1ed9t nam nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00e2u, tr\u1ebb trung nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba y\u00eam ho\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i trai tr\u00e1ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gals, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u ngang nhau, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng danh x\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t chung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gals. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i. T6on gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nghi th\u1ee9c y\u00eam ho\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh nghi th\u1ee9c theo ki\u1ec3u l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ebfm t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00f9-thu\u1ef7-ho\u00e1 do b\u1edfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00fang b\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u201cTh\u00e1nh M\u1eabu V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xem ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u00a0 uy l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u1eefa…<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

____________________<\/p>\n

Lm Kevin O\u2019Shea, CSsR<\/p>\n

Mai T\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n 1\u00a0: Th\u01b0 Gal\u00e1t\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,76],"tags":[78],"class_list":["post-964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mai-ta","category-phaolo-vi-thanh-cua-moi-thoi","tag-thanh-phaolo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=964"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/964\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":966,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/964\/revisions\/966"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}